Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher, historian, and diplomat best known for his treatise "The Prince." In this work, Machiavelli explored the practical realities of political power, advocating for the use of cunning, deception, and, at times, ruthless tactics to maintain control and achieve success in governance. He departed from traditional moral and ethical considerations, asserting that political leaders should prioritize the stability of the state above all else.