Lao-Tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher and the reputed author of the "Tao Te Ching," a foundational text of Taoism. His teachings focused on the principles of natural harmony, simplicity, and non-action (Wu Wei), emphasizing the need to follow the "Tao" or "Way" - the ultimate reality and natural order of the universe. Lao-Tzu advocated for a minimalist approach to governance, arguing that rulers should lead by example and let people live in accordance with the Tao.